Figure 2
Role of MSC in macrophage-mediated immune regulation in situ . MSC modulate resting macrophages to adapt a regulatory phenotype by production of immunomodulatory and growth factors. This effect of MSC is enhanced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, released by activated immune cells and surrounding parenchymal cells. MSC thereby block Mo-mediated activation of parenchymal cells and decrease cellular immune response by generation of Tregs.